تحليل نقدي للصفة التنبؤية و السببية و قابلية الدحض لنظريتي العلاقة بين الاتجاه و السلوك: نظرية السلوك المعقول و نظرية السلوك المخطط.
Résumé
خلال السنوات الأخيرة استطاعت نظريتان أن تكتسح الأبحاث حول السلوك الذي يباشره الإنسان في مختلف الميادين: الاجتماعية، الاقتصادية، الأمنية، التجارية، الاتصالية و حتى التربوية.هاتان النظريتان هما: نظرية السلوك المعقول و نظرية السلوك المخطط التي ترميان إلى استكشاف العلاقة: الاتجاه-السلوك من أجل تفسيره و التنبؤ به.و رغم عمومية تطبيقهما إلا أنهما تواجه وابل من الانتقادات تتعلق بالصفة التنبؤية و السببية و قابلية الدحض.
في هذا المقال الذي يستعرض التحليل و التحليل البعدي لهذه الصفات عبر الأبحاث النظرية و التطبيقية، سنكشف إلى أي مدى يمكن الوثوق و التحقق من هذه الصفات.
Résumé :
Analyse critique du caractère prédictif, causal et falsifiable de la relation attitude-comportement : la théorie de l’action raisonnée et la théorie du comportement planifié. Durant les dernières années deux théories ont dominé les recherches sur le comportement qu’entreprend l’individu dans différends domaines : social, économique, sécuritaire, commercial, communicatif et même éducatif, ce sont la théorie de l’action raisonnée et la théorie du comportement planifié.
Ces deux théories visent à explorer la relation attitude-comportement afin d’expliquer et de prédire le comportement humain dans les différents domaines cités.Malgré la généralisation de leurs applications, elles sont confrontées a un averse de critiques concernant leurs trois caractères : la prédiction, la causalité et falsifiabilité.
Dans cette article qui retrace L’analyse et la méta-analyse de ces trois caractères à travers les recherches théoriques et pratiques, nous dévoilons à quel point ces trois caractères sont fiables et confirmés.
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Références
1- Aberg, L. (1993). Drinking and driving: Intentions, attitudes, and social norms of Swedish male drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 25, 289–296.
2- Ajzen, I (1988).Attitude, personality and behavior. Chicago: Dorsey press.p04
1-Ajzen I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
2- Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.
Englewood-Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
3- Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the attitude-behavior relation: Reasoned
and automatic process. European Review of Social Psychology, 11, 1-33.
-Albe, V. & Simonneaux, L. (2002). L'enseignement des questions scientifiques socialement vives dans l'enseignement agricole : quelles sont les intentions des enseignants ? Aster 34, 131-156.
4- Armitage, C.J., & Conner, M. (1999). The theory of planned behaviour: Assessment of
predictive validity and ‘perceived control’.British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 35-54.
5-Armitage, C.J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A
meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499.
5- Armitage, C.J., Conner, C., & Norman, P. (1999). Differential effects of mood on information processing: Evidence from the theories of reasoned action and planned
behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 419-433.
6- Albaraccin, D., Johnson, B.T., Fishbein, M., & Mullerleile, P.A. (2001).Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 142-161.
7- Albrecht, S.L., & Carpenter, K.E. (1976). Attitudes as predictors of behaviors versus
behavioral intentions: A convergence of research tradition. Sociometry, 39, 1-10.
8-Bagozzi, R.P., Baumgartner, H., & Pieters, R. (1998). Goal-directed emotions. Cognition
and Emotion, 12, 1-26.
9-Bagozzi, R.P., & Yi, Y. (1989). The degree of intention formation as a moderator of the attitude-behavior relationship. Social Psychology Quarterly, 52, 266-279.
10-Bagozzi, R.P., Yi, Y., & Baumgartner, J. (1990). The level of effort required for
behaviour as a moderator of the attitude behaviour relation. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 20, 45-59.
-Bandura, A (1977).self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84.p184
11- Bentler, P.M., & Speckart, G. (1979). Models of attitude-behavior relations. Psychological
Review, 86, 452-464.
12-Bentler, P.M., & Speckart, G. (1981). Attitudes cause behavior: A structural equation
analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 226-238.
13- Budd, R.J., & Spencer, C.P. (1986). Lay theories of behavioral intention: A source
of responses bias in the theory of reasoned action? British Journal of Social Psychology,
25,109-117.
14- Budd, R.J. (1987). Response bias and the theory of reasoned action. Social Cognition, 5, 95-107.
- Budd, R. J., North, D., & Spencer, C. (1984). Understanding seat belt use: a test of Bentler and Speckart’s extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 69–78.
15- Conner, M., & Armitage, C.J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A
review and avenues for further research.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1430-1464.
16- Conner, M., & Sparks, P. (1996). The theory of planned behavior and health behaviours,
in M. Conner & P. Norman (Eds), Predicting health behaviour (pp. 121-162). Buckimgham: Open University Press.
17- Conner, M., & Armitage, C.J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A
review and avenues for further research.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1430-1464.
18- Courneya, K.S., Bobick, T.M., & Schinke, R.J. (1999). Does the theory of planned behavior
mediate the relation between personality and exercise behavior? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 317-324.
19- Cook, A.J., Moore, K., & Steel, G.D.(2005). Taking a Position: A Reinterpretation
of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 35, 143-154.
20- Delhomme, P. (2005). Des attitudes à la prédiction des comportements, in T. Meyer
(Ed.), Psychologie Sociale (54-65). Paris:Hachette.
21- Eagly, A.H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitude. San Diego, CA: Harcourt
Brace Janovich.
22- Echebarria Echabe, A., Paez Rovira, D., & Valencia Garate, J.F. (1988). Testing Ajzen
and Fishbein’s attitudes model: The prediction of voting. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 18, 181-189.
23- Eiser, J.R. (1994). Attitudes, chaos and the connectionist mind. Oxford Blackwell.
- Evans, D., & Norman, P. (1998). Understanding pedestrians’ road crossing decisions: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour.Health Education Research, 13, 481–489.
24- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude,intention and behavior: An introduction
to theory and research. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley.
25-Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: A review of its application
to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11, 87-98.
26-Godin G., Valois P., Lepage L., & Desharnais, R (1992). Predictors of smocking behaviour
- an application of Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 1335-1345.
27- Gorsuch, R.L., & Ortberg, J. (1983). Moral obligation and attitudes: Their relation to behavioral intentions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1025-1028.
28- Giger, J.C. (2003). États affectifs transitoires et consistance attitude-comportement : étude expérimentale de l’impact des humeurs sur la prise de décision comportementale via l’initiation spontanée des traitements cognitifs heuristiques et systématiques. Thèse de doctorat non publiée, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
29- Manstead, A.S.R. (1996). Attitudes and behavior, in G. Semin & K. Fiedler (Eds), Applied
social psychology (pp. 3-29). Londres: Sage.
30- Miniard, P.W., & Cohen, J.B. (1981). An examination of the Fishbein-Ajzen behavioral-
intention model’s concepts and measures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 303-309.
31- Netmeyer, R.G., & Burton, S. (1990). Examining the relationships between voting
behavior, intention, perceived control, and expectation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
20, 661-680.
32- Norman, P., & Smith, L. (1995). The theory of planned behaviour and exercise: An investigation into the role of prior behaviour, behavioral intentions and attitude
variability. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25,403-415.
33- Odgen, J. (2003). Some problems with social cognition model: A pragmatic and
conceptual analysis. Health Psychology, 22, 424-428.
34- Popper, K.R. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. New York: Basic Books.Randall,
35-Paisley, C.M., & Sparks, P. (1998). Expectations of reducing fat intake: The role of
perceived need within the theory of planned behaviour. Psychology and Health, 13, 341-353.
* Parker, D., Manstead, A. S. R., Stradling, S. G., Reason, J. T., & Baxter, J. S. (1992). Intention to commit driving violations: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 94–101
35- Parker, D., Manstead, S.R., & Stradling, S.G. (1995). Extending the theory of planned behavior: The role of personal norm. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 127-137.
36- Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R.P. (2001). The role of desires and anticipated motions in
goal-directed behaviours: Broadening and deepening the theory of planned behaviour.
British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 79-98.
37-Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R.P. (2004). The distinction between desires and intention.
European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 69-84.
38- Ryan, M.J. (1982). Behavioral intention formation: The interdependency of attitudinal
and social influence variables. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 263-278.
39- Sheppard, B.H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P.R. (1988). A theory of reasoned action: A
meta-analysis of past research with recommendation for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 235-343.
40- Sheeran, P., & Orbell, S. (1998). Do intentions predict condom use? Meta-analysis and
examination of six moderator variables. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 231-250.
41- Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are
we doing? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1317-1338.
42-Stanovich, K.E. (1989). How to think straight about psychology. Scott, Foresman
and Compagny.
43- Stangor, C. (1998). Research Methods for Behavioral Sciences. Houghton Mifflin.
44- Sparks, P., Conner, M., James, R., Shepherd, R., & Povey, R. (2001). Ambivalence
about health-related behaviours: An exploration in the domain of food choice. British Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 53-68.
45- Schwarz, N., & Bless, B. (1991). Happy and mindless, but sad and smart? The impact
of affective states on analytic reasoning, in J.P. Forgas (Ed), Emotion and social judgments
(pp. 55-71). London: Pergamon.
46- Shepperd, G.J., & O’Keefe, D.J. (1984). Separability of attitudinal and normative influences on behavioral intentions in the Fishbein-Ajzen model. The Journal of Social Psychology, 122, 287-288.
47- Van der Plight, J., Zeelenberg, M., van Dijk, W.W., de Vries, N.K., & Richard, R. (1998). Affect, attitudes and decisions: Let’s be more specific. European Review of Social Psychology, 8, 33-66.
48- Vallerand, R.J., Deshaies, P., Cuerrier, J.P., Pelletier, L.G., & Mongeau, C. (1992).
Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory of reasoned action as applied to moral behavior: A confirmatory analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 98-109.
2- باللغة العربية:
1- سامر محمد(2000) : أثر الدراسة الجامعية لمرحلة البكالوريوس على الميول الريادية لطلبة الجامعات الأردنية: تطبيق على نظرية السلوك المخطط.
Jordan Journal of Business Administration, Volume 6, No. 2, 2010
2- كلوديا سماركولا(2007) حول فعالية معتقدات نظريات السلوك المخطط ومساهمتها في نية استخدام الحاسوب من طرف الطلبة الأساتذة( طور التكوين) و الأساتذة ذوي الخبرة.
Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 1196–1215; Available online at :www.sciencedirect.com(10/11/2012,12 :31).
2- Ajzen, I (1988).Attitude, personality and behavior. Chicago: Dorsey press.p04
1-Ajzen I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
2- Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.
Englewood-Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
3- Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the attitude-behavior relation: Reasoned
and automatic process. European Review of Social Psychology, 11, 1-33.
-Albe, V. & Simonneaux, L. (2002). L'enseignement des questions scientifiques socialement vives dans l'enseignement agricole : quelles sont les intentions des enseignants ? Aster 34, 131-156.
4- Armitage, C.J., & Conner, M. (1999). The theory of planned behaviour: Assessment of
predictive validity and ‘perceived control’.British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 35-54.
5-Armitage, C.J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A
meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499.
5- Armitage, C.J., Conner, C., & Norman, P. (1999). Differential effects of mood on information processing: Evidence from the theories of reasoned action and planned
behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 419-433.
6- Albaraccin, D., Johnson, B.T., Fishbein, M., & Mullerleile, P.A. (2001).Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 142-161.
7- Albrecht, S.L., & Carpenter, K.E. (1976). Attitudes as predictors of behaviors versus
behavioral intentions: A convergence of research tradition. Sociometry, 39, 1-10.
8-Bagozzi, R.P., Baumgartner, H., & Pieters, R. (1998). Goal-directed emotions. Cognition
and Emotion, 12, 1-26.
9-Bagozzi, R.P., & Yi, Y. (1989). The degree of intention formation as a moderator of the attitude-behavior relationship. Social Psychology Quarterly, 52, 266-279.
10-Bagozzi, R.P., Yi, Y., & Baumgartner, J. (1990). The level of effort required for
behaviour as a moderator of the attitude behaviour relation. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 20, 45-59.
-Bandura, A (1977).self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84.p184
11- Bentler, P.M., & Speckart, G. (1979). Models of attitude-behavior relations. Psychological
Review, 86, 452-464.
12-Bentler, P.M., & Speckart, G. (1981). Attitudes cause behavior: A structural equation
analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 226-238.
13- Budd, R.J., & Spencer, C.P. (1986). Lay theories of behavioral intention: A source
of responses bias in the theory of reasoned action? British Journal of Social Psychology,
25,109-117.
14- Budd, R.J. (1987). Response bias and the theory of reasoned action. Social Cognition, 5, 95-107.
- Budd, R. J., North, D., & Spencer, C. (1984). Understanding seat belt use: a test of Bentler and Speckart’s extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 69–78.
15- Conner, M., & Armitage, C.J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A
review and avenues for further research.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1430-1464.
16- Conner, M., & Sparks, P. (1996). The theory of planned behavior and health behaviours,
in M. Conner & P. Norman (Eds), Predicting health behaviour (pp. 121-162). Buckimgham: Open University Press.
17- Conner, M., & Armitage, C.J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A
review and avenues for further research.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1430-1464.
18- Courneya, K.S., Bobick, T.M., & Schinke, R.J. (1999). Does the theory of planned behavior
mediate the relation between personality and exercise behavior? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 317-324.
19- Cook, A.J., Moore, K., & Steel, G.D.(2005). Taking a Position: A Reinterpretation
of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 35, 143-154.
20- Delhomme, P. (2005). Des attitudes à la prédiction des comportements, in T. Meyer
(Ed.), Psychologie Sociale (54-65). Paris:Hachette.
21- Eagly, A.H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitude. San Diego, CA: Harcourt
Brace Janovich.
22- Echebarria Echabe, A., Paez Rovira, D., & Valencia Garate, J.F. (1988). Testing Ajzen
and Fishbein’s attitudes model: The prediction of voting. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 18, 181-189.
23- Eiser, J.R. (1994). Attitudes, chaos and the connectionist mind. Oxford Blackwell.
- Evans, D., & Norman, P. (1998). Understanding pedestrians’ road crossing decisions: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour.Health Education Research, 13, 481–489.
24- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude,intention and behavior: An introduction
to theory and research. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley.
25-Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: A review of its application
to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11, 87-98.
26-Godin G., Valois P., Lepage L., & Desharnais, R (1992). Predictors of smocking behaviour
- an application of Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 1335-1345.
27- Gorsuch, R.L., & Ortberg, J. (1983). Moral obligation and attitudes: Their relation to behavioral intentions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1025-1028.
28- Giger, J.C. (2003). États affectifs transitoires et consistance attitude-comportement : étude expérimentale de l’impact des humeurs sur la prise de décision comportementale via l’initiation spontanée des traitements cognitifs heuristiques et systématiques. Thèse de doctorat non publiée, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
29- Manstead, A.S.R. (1996). Attitudes and behavior, in G. Semin & K. Fiedler (Eds), Applied
social psychology (pp. 3-29). Londres: Sage.
30- Miniard, P.W., & Cohen, J.B. (1981). An examination of the Fishbein-Ajzen behavioral-
intention model’s concepts and measures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 303-309.
31- Netmeyer, R.G., & Burton, S. (1990). Examining the relationships between voting
behavior, intention, perceived control, and expectation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
20, 661-680.
32- Norman, P., & Smith, L. (1995). The theory of planned behaviour and exercise: An investigation into the role of prior behaviour, behavioral intentions and attitude
variability. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25,403-415.
33- Odgen, J. (2003). Some problems with social cognition model: A pragmatic and
conceptual analysis. Health Psychology, 22, 424-428.
34- Popper, K.R. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. New York: Basic Books.Randall,
35-Paisley, C.M., & Sparks, P. (1998). Expectations of reducing fat intake: The role of
perceived need within the theory of planned behaviour. Psychology and Health, 13, 341-353.
* Parker, D., Manstead, A. S. R., Stradling, S. G., Reason, J. T., & Baxter, J. S. (1992). Intention to commit driving violations: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 94–101
35- Parker, D., Manstead, S.R., & Stradling, S.G. (1995). Extending the theory of planned behavior: The role of personal norm. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 127-137.
36- Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R.P. (2001). The role of desires and anticipated motions in
goal-directed behaviours: Broadening and deepening the theory of planned behaviour.
British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 79-98.
37-Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R.P. (2004). The distinction between desires and intention.
European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 69-84.
38- Ryan, M.J. (1982). Behavioral intention formation: The interdependency of attitudinal
and social influence variables. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 263-278.
39- Sheppard, B.H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P.R. (1988). A theory of reasoned action: A
meta-analysis of past research with recommendation for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 235-343.
40- Sheeran, P., & Orbell, S. (1998). Do intentions predict condom use? Meta-analysis and
examination of six moderator variables. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 231-250.
41- Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are
we doing? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1317-1338.
42-Stanovich, K.E. (1989). How to think straight about psychology. Scott, Foresman
and Compagny.
43- Stangor, C. (1998). Research Methods for Behavioral Sciences. Houghton Mifflin.
44- Sparks, P., Conner, M., James, R., Shepherd, R., & Povey, R. (2001). Ambivalence
about health-related behaviours: An exploration in the domain of food choice. British Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 53-68.
45- Schwarz, N., & Bless, B. (1991). Happy and mindless, but sad and smart? The impact
of affective states on analytic reasoning, in J.P. Forgas (Ed), Emotion and social judgments
(pp. 55-71). London: Pergamon.
46- Shepperd, G.J., & O’Keefe, D.J. (1984). Separability of attitudinal and normative influences on behavioral intentions in the Fishbein-Ajzen model. The Journal of Social Psychology, 122, 287-288.
47- Van der Plight, J., Zeelenberg, M., van Dijk, W.W., de Vries, N.K., & Richard, R. (1998). Affect, attitudes and decisions: Let’s be more specific. European Review of Social Psychology, 8, 33-66.
48- Vallerand, R.J., Deshaies, P., Cuerrier, J.P., Pelletier, L.G., & Mongeau, C. (1992).
Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory of reasoned action as applied to moral behavior: A confirmatory analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 98-109.
2- باللغة العربية:
1- سامر محمد(2000) : أثر الدراسة الجامعية لمرحلة البكالوريوس على الميول الريادية لطلبة الجامعات الأردنية: تطبيق على نظرية السلوك المخطط.
Jordan Journal of Business Administration, Volume 6, No. 2, 2010
2- كلوديا سماركولا(2007) حول فعالية معتقدات نظريات السلوك المخطط ومساهمتها في نية استخدام الحاسوب من طرف الطلبة الأساتذة( طور التكوين) و الأساتذة ذوي الخبرة.
Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 1196–1215; Available online at :www.sciencedirect.com(10/11/2012,12 :31).
Publiée
2015-03-01
Comment citer
بشقة, الأستاذ: عز الدين.
تحليل نقدي للصفة التنبؤية و السببية و قابلية الدحض لنظريتي العلاقة بين الاتجاه و السلوك: نظرية السلوك المعقول و نظرية السلوك المخطط..
Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, [S.l.], v. 14, mars 2015.
ISSN 2253-0347. Disponible à l'adresse : >https://revues.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/fshs/article/view/1405>. Date de consultation : 13 nov. 2024
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